CMA-Based Quadruple-Cluster Leaf-Shaped Metasurface-Based Wideband Circularly-Polarized Stacked-Patch Antenna Array for Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications

This research proposes a quadruple-cluster leaf-shaped metasurface (MTS)-based circularly-polarized (CP) stacked-patch antenna array with hybrid coupler feed network for sub-6 GHz 5G applications. In the study, MTS-based CP is characterized by characteristic mode analysis (CMA). design, one cluster of consists $4\times4$ MTS elements; and used to enhance impedance bandwidth (IBW), axial ratio (ARBW), gain. Simulations are carried out an prototype fabricated experiments undertaken. The measured IBW, ARBW, maximum gain at center frequency (4 GHz) 62.5% (3.4– 5.9 GHz), 21% (3.8– 4.54 9.04 dBic 3.9 GHz. novelty this lies in use of: (i) CMA concept design develop wideband radiation pattern; (ii) low-complexity ARBW